@daria_akimenko
Дарья Акименко
160 w
Generally, green solutions are directly related to savings and often, conversely, sustainable lifestyles. This is the second/second hand (second hand) use of household items: clothes, household appliances and furniture, dishes and even plastic bags that can be washed. Refusal of disposable objects of everyday life: dishes, bags. Instead of one-time dishes on a picnic, it is better to take a metal dish, which can be used repeatedly. Not using private transport and not using transportation in general: metro and urban transport are more environmentally friendly than private cars, and walking or cycling is the most environmentally friendly way. Repair and use of old household items, instead of buying new ones: clothes, appliances. Carefully calculate the amount of food you need so you don’t have to throw out the spoiled food. It saves money and doesn’t move the food. Use of natural laundry and cleaning products: soda, vinegar, household soap. Savings in utilities: water, electricity, heating and air conditioning. Even in a developed country like Japan, many people in their homes have a temperature no higher than 10 degrees in winter, Japanese people do not heat their homes and apartments at night using hot water heaters and blankets, thus saving money. In Japan, the use of b/y goods, from furniture and appliances to small household items, is also very popular. Despite high salaries, many Japanese even save on clothes.
Дарья Акименко
163 w
Dear friends. Support our project with likes and reposts. This is really important for ecology. https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/our-global-neighbourhood/x/25130360#/
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159 w
Beste vrienden! Hartelijk dank voor uw steun aan ons project!
Дарья Акименко
164 w
The results of studies on the chemical composition of sapropels deposits , their physical and chemical processing and use processed products in various sectors of the economy are presented. Introduction. Sapropels - bottom sediments of freshwater bodies - are valuable organic and organomineral raw materials for various sectors of the economy. Objects and methods. Sapropels 17 were used as objects of study lakes of Znamensky, Tarsky, Tyukalinsky and Sargatsky regions of the Omsk region. A scheme for processing sapropels is proposed, which includes extraction at the first stages sapropels with organic solvents or those in supercritical state (e.g. carbon dioxide), and further thermal processing or catalytic thermal dissolution. A complex of chemical and physico-chemical (gas and liquid chromato-mass, IR, NMR and electron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, EDS and XRD methods, porosimetry and adsorption methods, etc.) the methods of analysis studied organic and mineral sapropel native material as well as liquid, solid and gaseous products of sapropel processing. Results of research and discussion. The chemical composition and properties of native sapropels. The studied sapropel contain from 8.5 to 84.0 (in wt.%) Organic matter (OM). The organic matter of the studied sapropels has the following elemental composition (in% of the mass, on dry matter): carbon - 41.8-53.8; hydrogen 5.4-7.6; oxygen - 18.6-37.4; nitrogen - 4.8-24.1; sulfur - 0.7-2.5. Sapropels are low in carbon and high in nitrogen. OM contains the following groups of substances (in mass%): bitumen - 2.1-4.4; humic substances - 40.1-47.0; easily hydrolyzable - 23.9-31.2; hardly hydrolyzable - 5.7-8.7; non-hydrolyzable residue is 10.8-19.0. In native sapropels, up to 17-20 amino acids were found with a total content of 3.22-8.27 g / kg OB- The studied sapropels are of a siliceous type, the content of macronutrients in the mineral component is (in% wt.); silicon oxide - 51.3-67.3; calcium oxide - 1.4-15.0; iron oxide (Fe2 +) - 0.8-3.3; total (pentoxide) phosphorus - 0.04-0.68. In addition to these macronutrients, the following trace elements (mg / kg) were found in the mineral part: manganese (117-873), chromium (4.03-39.8), nickel (9.36-25.6), zinc (23.4 - 75.4), cadmium (0.20-0.82), molybdenum (0.29-1.37), cobalt (3.52-13.1), copper (8.36-18.7). Trace amounts of selenium, tin, strontium, yttrium, rubidium, titanium, bromine, chlorine, cesium, beryllium, scandium, lead, tungsten. The chemical composition and properties of sapropel processed products. The yield of lipophilic (LP) and water-soluble substances (WSS) during the extraction of sapropels of Lake Zhiloy Ryam with liquid carbon dioxide in the temperature range of 20, 25 ° C and a pressure of 80-200 atm is 1.6-2.0% and 0.1-2, 2% for OM, respectively. Analysis of the water-soluble part of the extract showed the presence of amino acids 0.06-1.2 mg / kg of OM, in the lipophilic part of 15.64-435 mg / kg of OM. WSS identified 14 amino acids with up to 14.2% of the total organic matter content in WSS. The content of vitamin E in WSS reaches 129.42 mg / kg OM, and vitamin B3 - 2.77 mg / kg OM. Enzymes (creatinine, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, laninaminotransferase, creatinine kinase MV, α-amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glutatide triperoxide, and glutathione phosphide are also found in SKE products. The total content of biologically active substances in water-soluble extracts is 43.45 mg / l. It was found that preliminary extraction of sapropels with supercritical carbon dioxide leads to an intensification of their further thermal processes. In the process of thermal processing, the yield of liquid products from extracted sapropels reaches 80% of the mass, on OM, while for native sapropels the yield does not exceed 32%. The liquid products obtained by thermal processing of the extracted are mainly tetrahydronaphthalene (cis- and trans-), saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons C12-C24, while the liquid products of thermal processing of native sapropels contain mainly phenol and its derivatives, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. When thermal dissolution of native and extracted sapropels in a medium of proton donor solvents, the maximum yield of liquid products for extracted sapropels is achieved at lower temperatures. With an increase in the process temperature, the content of heavy polyaromatic compounds and their alkyl and oxygen substituted in liquid products increases. Organic hydrophobic broad-porous materials with a specific surface area of up to 6 m2 / g and a total pore volume of up to 0.36 cm3 / g were synthesized and studied. These materials are promising for the production of oil sorbents - for the collection of oil and water-insoluble oil products and organic substances from the surface of water and reservoirs, as well as any solid surface. Oil sorbents have an oilcapacity of up to 2.5-6.0 g of oil / g of sorbent) with a moisture capacity of 1.0-1.5 g of water / g of sorbent, buoyancy of at least 72 hours. As a result of heat treatment of sapropels, solid porous carbon-containing products with a specific surface area of up to 200 m2 / g, a total pore volume of up to 0.24-0.91 cm3 / g and a predominant pore radius of 2000-10000 A were obtained. Further steam-air activation allows increasing the total pore volume up to 1.40 cm3 / g. Porous carbon-containing materials from sapropel are promising as sorbents in the water treatment of drinking water, for the purification of natural, technological, and domestic wastewater from water-soluble contaminants with organic substances and oil products, the rehabilitation of soils, catalyst supports, and in a number of other sorption and catalytic processes. It has been established that the main components of the gases of thermal destruction of the organic matter of sapropels are: % vol. СО (4.4-10.7%), CO2 (49.8-93.1%), СH4 (4.1-10.8%), H2S (2.5-5.3%), Н2 ( 1.8-12.6%). With an increase in the process temperature, the CO2 content decreases and the content of the remaining gases CO, CH4, H2S, and H2 increases. At a process temperature of 500 ° C, additional components were found in gas products: C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C4H10, etc. The estimated calorific value of gases is 1700-10800 kJ / kg. The use of sapropels and processed products. The study of the effectiveness of using natural sapropel as fertilizers in the subtaiga and southern forest-steppe zones of the Omsk Region showed (Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences) that the use of sapropels makes it possible to improve the application of fertilizers for crops for various soil and climatic conditions of the Omsk Region and to increase soil fertility and crop productivity by 10-15% [6]. Sapropel is used as a feed additive in the diets of cattle, pigs and poultry. The use of sapropel in the diets of feeding gilts for fattening has a beneficial effect on increasing productivity, as well as the quality of meat and fat . The introduction of sapropel in the diet of laying hens contributed to an increase in safety, an improvement in the quality of eggs, saving feed and reducing their cost. With the introduction of the same sapropel in the diet of broiler chickens with free access to feed in the amount of 10 and 15%, their viability improves by 2.0-2.6%. In the groups receiving sapropel, the live weight of broilers for all age periods was higher, and the average daily gain in live weight in the experimental groups was 1.9-2.2 g higher compared to the control. The introduction of sapropel propylene glycol extract in the diet of meat breeds of chickens contributed to an increase in the growth rate of chickens by 5.6-10.0% and a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain by 6.0-8.5%. The efficiency of broiler meat production using sapropel extract is higher by 14.3-17.0% compared to the control. The use of sapropel and products of its processing in veterinary medicine made it possible to create products with pronounced antioxidant, antiseptic, antiprotozoal, ascaricidal, repellent, stimulating and antitoxic properties. So, for example, on the basis of sapropel tar experimental samples of medicines have been created. Tar ointment is used to treat animals with skin disease of bacterial and tick-borne origin. An emulsion of sapropel tar in various formulations has a therapeutic effect in postpartum endometritis, external purulent-necrotic processes, and also provides a repellent effect. The alkaline hydrolyzate of sapropel had a beneficial effect on metabolism, the state of red blood and increased calf body weight gain by 15-20%. The use of alkaline hydrolyzate of sapropel weakened and with signs of diarrhea calves and piglets had a therapeutic and prophylactic effect. A positive result was obtained by combining alkaline hydrolyzate of sapropel with symptomatic and etiotropic substances.
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164 w
Hi, Have you published it in a journal?
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163 w
@Muhammad_Fahd_Khan Hi Muhammad. I only intend to do this. Also, my friends and I want to implement a project to obtain auxin from sapropel.
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163 w
@daria_akimenko I mean in any research journal/publication
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